Stavropol region. A historical-geographical region about Russian Federation located in the central part away from Subcaucasia, within Kuban River (and Kuban part) on the western, new Terek region on the the southern area of, the fresh Don region with the northern, the fresh Kalmyk Autonomous Republic to the northeast, plus the places of one’s Caucasian hill peoples towards the south and you may southwest. The fresh Stavropol part basically matches in territory towards the former Stavropol jolies filles Thai chaudes gubernia (in 18611920 edge, 59,500 sq kilometres) and the later Stavropol krai, faster the latest Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous oblast (66,500 sq . km).
Physical topography. The major part of the Stavropol area was filled of the Stavropol Upland; this new slight piece keeps areas of the fresh Caspian Lowland from the east, the newest Kuma-Manych Despair from the northern, additionally the mountain tops of Caucasus Slopes regarding the southwestern. The fresh environment of your own Stavropol area is transitional, of moderate continental from the west to help you drier and continental in the east. The larger of those are the Yegorlyk (which circulates into Manych), this new Kalaus, brand new Kuma, additionally the Kuban as well as higher tributaries, the fresh Velykyi Zelenchuk and the Malyi Zelenchuk (see Zelenchuk rivers). River-water is employed to possess irrigation. Small, mostly saline lakes abound; the most significant is the slim however, 160-km-long River Manych-Gudilo (Ukrainian: Manych-Hudylo).
However the located Stavropol region stayed sparsely populated by the nomadic Nogay Tatars (an excellent Turkic-speaking anyone) and you may Kalmyk anybody (an excellent Mongol-talking classification), exactly who to one another numbered throughout the 80,000
The fresh new earth from the west and you may main an element of the Stavropol area are some chernozems and you can chestnut soils; on the eastern and you can northeast they getting white chestnut. The newest sheer vegetation also change eastward having declining humidity, regarding meadow fescuefeather lawn steppe in order to dry fescuefeather lawn steppe and semidesert plants from wormwood, dry fescue, and you can feather yard. On much more humid part of the Stavropol Upland plus the fresh new Caucasus mountain tops the new pure vegetation is tree-steppe that have pine-hornbeam-beech forests. Now both steppe while the tree-steppe are almost entirely cleared for agriculture.
Background. About middle-16th century the Caucasus while the Stavropol area started to started toward experience of Muscovite colonization. About 16th and you can seventeenth centuries Subcaucasia experienced the latest beginnings out-of Cossack colonization (the brand new Wear Cossacks on west while the Terek Cossacks in the the latest east). Caucasian mountain individuals, the fresh Karachai together with Cherkess, stayed in the latest hills of one’s area.
At the beginning of this new 18th century the fresh new Stavropol region nominally became area of the Russian Empire. Long lasting agreements, however, weren’t situated till the history quarter of one’s century, whenever, during the 177780, the fresh Russian authorities centered a type of forts, the fresh Mozdok-Azov line, that have head office from the Stavropol, so you’re able to hold the Caucasian slope peoples. By 1785 the Stavropol region designed element of Caucasus oblast, that has been redesignated a beneficial gubernia for the 1802. After the several title alter it actually was appointed because the Stavropol gubernia from inside the 1847. Their limitations were in the end repaired in the 1861, whether or not it is broke up out-of Terek oblast. Compared with Kuban oblast and you can Terek oblast, Stavropol gubernia (given that 1898) wasn’t section of Caucasus krai.
Before 1930s the fresh new Stavropol part try settled from the each other Ukrainians and you may Russians, and constituted a part of contiguous, albeit combined, Ukrainian ethnographic territory
This new Russian government marketed the latest quick colonization of Stavropol area so you’re able to present a base having military procedures on the Caucasus. Part of that aim is actually attained by the granting preference tracts of land to help you Russian noblemen, which paid all of them with its serfs. A very significant reason behind colonization, yet not, was the brand new impulsive payment because of the state peasants who were unimpeded by the the newest central government. Indeed the fresh imperial regulators legalized extant says to your ukase out of 1804 and you may provided service to the people who’d settled for the the new Stavropol part. Towards the end of one’s 1850s the populace away from Stavropol gubernia got increased to 340,000 (5.5 people per sq kilometer). Its merely city, Stavropol, became from about 3,000 citizens in the 1800 to 17,600 residents in 1853. One particular densely paid areas was in fact the brand new steppes involving the Yegorlyk and the Kalaus rivers and the Kalaus River valley. The people of Stavropol gubernia (including Terek oblast) in 1853 consisted of 48.seven per cent Cossacks, 32 per cent county peasants, 16.2 % nomadic herders, and you may step 3.1 percent serfs while some.
